Door lock



Oct. 3, 1939. H. T. BACKHOUSE 8.

DOOR LOCK Filed Nov. 1, 1938 5 sheets sheet 1 INVENT OR. 77 fimpzix ram/55w mar/mus:

| I H I L .M Mi, Z4 ATTORNEY.

H. T. BACKHOUSE f Oct. 3, 1939.

' DOOR LOCK I Filed Nov. 1, 193a 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 h zqf g k '64 i v g INVENTOR.

I v 67 #54157 76WN5E/V17fi/7C/(HOU5f BY FM 24x1 I D ATTORNEY.

Oct. 3, .1939. H, ousE 2,174,958

DOOR LOCK Filed Nov. 1, 1938 5 Sheetl-Sheet a FIG [1 F a 67) 69 I: 3.1 k 74 I L I u 7 I [AI/A Aux m Z4 71/ 72 66 &55

ATTORNEY.

H. T. BACKHOUSE DOOR LOCK 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Nov. 1, 1938 ATTORNEY.

Oct. 3, i939.

Patented Oct. 3, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE Application November 1, 1938, Serial No. 238,134 In Great Britain December 2, 1937 13 Claims.

The door-lock of my present invention is similar in principle to the door-locks usually employed on motor-cars with the important difference that with the motor-car door-locks only the inside handle can be moved into a locking position, while with my improved lock of this invention the handle on either side may be moved into the locking position so that when one handle is in the locking position, the lock cannot be opened by the handle on the opposite side of the door.

The door-lock of my invention is particularly useful for the inside doors of houses, for example, the doors leading from living rooms to a central hall or corridor, since on the one hand the occupants of the room may lock the door by a simple operation, and on the other hand as a precaution against burglars, the door may be locked from the outside of the room so that any person breaking into the room through the window would experience considerable difficulty' in making his way into the hall and to other parts of the house.

In certain circumstances, for example, when this look is intended for use on a door leading froma living room into a central hall, it is desirable that it should not be possible to move both handles into the locking position at the same time since this might well prove both inconvenient and dangerous. My improved lock therefore preferably includes means for preventing the bolt being locked in its latching position from both sides of the door. For example, the positive stop associated with one handle may be arranged,when in the locking position, to form an abutment which prevents the stop associated with the other handle from being moved into the locking position.

Several specific embodiments of door-locks embodying my invention will now be described by way of example, and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective View of a rim lock intended-for attachment to the face of a door, the casing of the lock being shown in chain lines;

Figure 2 is a plan view, partly broken away, showing the lock of Figure 1 in position on the 5. door;

Figure 3 is aview showing one handle and the bolt in latching position;

Figure 4 is a view showing the bolt locked in its unlatching position;

Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 3, but showing .detent means for retaining the handle in the locking position;

Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 5, but showing an alternative form of detent means;

Figure '7 is a perspective view, partly in section, of a mortice lock embodying my invention;

Figure 8 is a View of a detail of the lock shown in Figure 7, both handles being in their latching 20 but unlocked position;

Figure 9 is a plan view, partly in section, of another form of mortice lock;

Figure 10 is an elevation showing-the working parts of another alternative form of mortice 25 lock;

Figure 11 is a plan view, partly in section, of the lock shown in Figure 10;

Figure 12 isan elevation showing the working parts of another form of mortice lock embodying 30 my invention;

Figure 13 is a plan view, partly in section, of the lock shown in Figure 12; a

Figure 14 is a sectional view taken on the line l4l4 in Figure 12;

Figure 15 is a detail of a modification of the lock shown in Figures 13 and 14, this modification also being applicable to the lock shown in Figures 10 and 11.

Figure 16 is an elevation showing the work- 40 ing parts of another form of mortice lock em bodying my invention; and

Figure 17 is a sectional View taken on the line l'l l'l of Figure 16.

Similar numerals refer to throughout the several figures.

Referring to the form of my improved lock shown in Figs. l-6, the lock as a whole is contained within the rectangular frame [8 having two separable. closure plates l9 and 20, the plate 211' being of larger area than the frame I8 to provide the flange 2| by which the lock is attached to the door 22 by screws 23 (Figs. 1 and 2) The lock contains the slidable bolt 24 and two independently operated handles 25 and 26 that 56 similar parts 45 are carried on the sleeves 21 and 28 respectively, which are mounted for rotation on the supporting spindle 29. The sleeves 21 and 28 have secured to them the crank arms 38 and 3| respectively, the arms 38 and 3| carrying the pins 32 and 33 respectively that project from the arms in a direction parallel with the spindle 29. Both pins 32 and 33 are arranged to cooperate with the slot 34 formed in the rear end of the bolt 24 both for forcing the latter into its unlatching position and also for locking the bolt 24 in the latching position.

The slot 34 is provided with the flat bearing surface 35 that is substantially parallel with the rear edge 36 of the bolt 24, against which surface 35 the pins 32 and 33 press when the associated handles 25 and 26 are actuated. For example, in Fig. 4 I have shown the pin 33 bearing against the bolt 24 against the action of the spring 36A to force the bolt 24 into unlatching position. The slot 34 is so shaped, however, that the handle 26- may be turned in the opposite direction (Fig. 3) so that the pin 33 and arm 31 lie in the direction of the outward movement of the bolt 24 and the pin 33 engages the: bearing: surface 31 oppositely disposed to the bearing surface 35. In this position (Fig. 3'), the pin 33' acts as a positive stop to prevent the bolt- 24' from being forced into its unlatching position, and consequently prevents the look from being unlatched by the operation of the otherhandle 25.

To ensure that once the-pin 33 has been moved into the locking position (Fig. 3), it will: remain in such position. until the handle 26 is actuated to unlock the bolt 24, the bearing surface 31 is provided with the recess 38*. The spring 39 is employed to draw the bolt 24 in the unlatching direction, such means as a, Whole forming a detent to hold the pin 33 in the recess 38.

The supporting spindle 251's secured in the pillar 40 fastened to the frame I8 (Fig; 1). To ensure that it shall not be possible to move both handles 25 and 26 into locking position at the same time, the sleeves 21 andv 28 are provided with internal screw-threads 41 and 42 respectively of quick pitch that engage corresponding threads on the spindle 2-9. The threads 4| and 42 are left and right handed respectively, and are so arranged within the lock (Figs. 1 and 2 that as either handle 25' or 26 is: moved into looking position, the corresponding sleeve 21' or 28 and with it the associated crank pin 32 or 33' is moved inwardly into the bolt 24' within the slot 34 so that such 'pin lies in the path which would be followed by the other pin (32 or 33) associated with the other handle. For example, Fig. 2 shows thepin 33 in the locking position against the bolt 24 and such pin 33' extends beyond the center line of the bolt far enough. to form a stop to prevent the'movement of the pin 32 into looking position. It is obvious that the pin 32 will also, when moved toward the locking position, move to the left in Fig. 2 by the inward movement of the sleeve 21 on the spindle 29 Likewise if the pin 32 is" move-d towards its locking position, it will be possible to move such pin 32 back to thefree position by'operating the handle 26 which will cause the" pin 33: to engage the pin 32 and move the latter in the unlocking direction until the two pins 32' and 33 are axially separated.

To assemble the lock shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the spindle: 29 is first fixed in position on the pillar 40,. and then the two sleeves 21 and 28 are screwed. on the spindle 29. The bolt 24 with its associated. springs 36A and 39' and the supp ting bracket 43 are then placed in position, and finally the two cover plates l9 and 28 are threaded over the sleeves 21 and 28, the handles 25 and 26 being preferably secured in position on their respective sleeves after the lock has been attached to the door 22.

In place of the detent arrangement shown in Figs. 1-4 for holding the pins 32 and 33 in their locking positions, I may employ equivalent devices such as are shown in Figs. 5 and 6. In Fig. 5 the spring-loaded ball 44 carried by the bolt 24 is. used to retain the pins 32 or 33 in their looking position. In Fig. 6 the small leaf spring 45 is employed over which the pins 32 or 33 ride into locking position as shown.

Another form of my improved lock according to the present invention is shown in Figs. 7 and 8 as a mortice look. In this form the crank pins 32 and 33 cooperate With the bearing surfaces 35 and 31 on the bolt 24 in the same manner as in the Figs. 1-6 construction for moving the bolt 24 into either its looking or unlatching positions. The crank pins 32 and 33 are actuated by their respective handles 25 and 26. However in this Figs. '7 and 8 look structure, the sleeves 21 and 28 of the Figs. 1-6 lock are replaced by short bosses 48 and 49 which are held in recessed bosses 46 and 41 respectively formed on the interior faces of the cover plates ISA and 2|A respectively. The bosses 48' and 49 each have a centrally-disposed, rectangular-sectioned bore, and the handles 25 and 26 are fastened to they shafts 52 and 53 respectively which have their inner ends formed with squared portions as shown at 54 in respect of shaft 52 that fit inside the bores formed in the bosses 48 and 49.' The central spring 56 surrounds extensions on the bosses 48 and 49 and engages the crank arms 38 and 31 thereby tending to hold the bosses 48 and 49in axially separated position.

The bosses 46 and 48 carry coacting cam surfaces 57 and 58'respective'ly (Fig. 8), so arranged that as the handle 25 is moved into the locking position, the boss 48 and the associated pin 32 are moved axially toward the boss 41 so that when in looking position the pin 32 lies in the path of the pin 33 and prevents the latter from being moved into locking position. If desired the bosses 41 and 49 may also be provided with similar coacting cam surfaces as shown for the bosses 46 and 48. However, such construction is not essential, since the desired result of preventing locking from both sides of the door simultaneously may be obtained with only one pair of cam surfaces 51 and 58 as shown.

To place this Figs. 7 and 8 look on the door 22, the handles 25 and 26 are removed together with their shafts 52 and 53. The lock is then placed in the mortice in the usual way, and the handles replaced with the shafts 52 and 53 threaded in their respective bosses 48 and 49. The handles 25 and 26- are held in position by plates 58 and 5| fastened to the outer faces of the door 22.

A- modified form of lock such as is shown in Figs. '7 and 8 is illustrated in Fig. 9. modification the co-operating cam surfaces 5'! and 58 are omitted so that no axial movement of the crank pins 32 and 33 takes place, and the locking of the door 22 from both sides simultaneously is prevented by means of a swinging member 6|. This member 6|, is mounted on the pivot 62 carried by the bolt 24 at a position where the member 6] will be engaged by the crank pins 32 and. 33 as they are moved into In this and 61.

locking position. For example, when the crank pin 32 is moved into locking position, it engages the member 6| at the rounded-portion 63 and. swings the member 6| about the pivot support 62 to move the other rounded portion 64 of the member 6| into the path of the crank pin 33 thereby preventing the latter from being moved into locking position by the handle 26. The spring 65 carried by the bolt 24 engages the lower end of the member 6| normally to return the latter into its central position when the pins 32 and 33 are moved from their locking position.

Another embodiment of my invention is shown in the lock illustrated in Figs. 10 and 11, which form of lock also prevents the bolt 24 from being locked from both sides of the door 22 simultaneously. In this embodiment, the movement of the bolt 24 is effected by means of the rocking arms 66 and 61 carried on the square spindles 68 and 69 respectively, to which the handles 25 and 26 are fastened. The arms 66 and 6'! are adapted to engage the bearing surface 16 formed on the bolt 24,. and whenthe arms 66 and 61 are rotated in a clockwise direction (Fig. 10), they move the bolt 24 into its unlatching position. The locking of the bolt 24 in the latched position is effected by the movement of the arms 66 and 6'! in an anti-clockwise direction shown by chain lines in Fig. 10. As each arm 66 or 61 is so moved into the locking position, it engages the pawl common to both arms and supported on the pivot 12 from the casing and rotates the pawl H from the fullline position shown in Fig. 10 to its chain line position so that the upper end 13 of the pawl ll is moved into the path of the other arm (66 or 61') to prevent such other arm from being rotated into the locking position. The spring 14 carried by the casing bears against the pawl ll tends to return the pawl 1| into the fullline position when the arm is brought to its unlocking position. To aid in locating the two arms 66 and 6'! in position on their square sectioned spindles 68 and 69 respectively, Ihave provided the locating pin 75 that extends into the ends of the spindles 68 and 69. This pin 15 is circular in cross-section, and is provided'with the washer 16 arranged between the arms 66 The washer 16 is preferably integral with the pin 15 and made of suitable antifriction metal, and such washer 16 is of smaller diameter than the bosses carrying the arms 66 and 6'1. The inner faces of such bosses are recessed to contain the washer 16, the thickness of the latter being suflicient to prevent contact between the rims of the oppositely disposed bosses of the arms 66 and 61, all as shown in Fig. 11. A compression spring TI carried on the guide pin 13 and engaging the rear end of the bolt 24 acts to restore the bolt 24 into the latching position (Fig. 10).

Figures 12-14 show another embodiment of my improved lock for preventing the door 22 being locked from both sides simultaneously. In this embodiment such means comprise the ball 19 located in the transverse passage 86 formed in the upstanding web 6| on the bolt 24. This ball '19 is moved from one side of the web 8| to the other side by the members 82 and 83 integral with the arms 66 and 61 which are constructed and operate as in the form of lock shown in Figs. 10 and 11. In Figs. 12-14 lock the arm 61 is shown in the locking position and its integral extension 83 has pushed the ball I9 into the path of the extension member 82 of the other arm 66. When the arm 61 is moved to the unlocking position, the ball 19 assumes a central position on the curved flange 84 of the bolt 24 in readiness to be pushed to either side of the lock as one or the other of the arms 66 and 61 is moved into locking position.

In place of the locating pin 15 and washer 16 shown in the embodiments illustrated in Figs. 10-14, I may employ the arrangement shown in Fig. 15 which comprises the disk 85 having the rounded stud 86 projecting from one side. The plain face of the disk is secured to the inner face of one of the arms 66 or 61, such disk 85 being of suitable diameter to fit freely into a circular recess on the inner face of the boss on the other arm 66 or 61, as the case may be, with the thickness of the disk 85 greater than the recess to separate the bosses of the two arms 66 and 61. The stud 86 fits freely into an axial bore formed in the square section spindle (68 or 69) which operates the opposite arm (66 or 61).

In Figs. 16 and 17 I have shown another embodiment of my mortice lock in which the squaresectioned spindles 68 and 69 (Figs. 10-15) are provided with axial holes Bl and 88 formed throughout their length, or such spindles may be constructed as square section tubes 86 and 96. The washer 16 carries no integral pin, but is held in position (Fig. 17) by recesses formed in the rims of the bosses of the arms 66 and 67. After placing this form of lock in the door 22, the tubes 89 and 96 are inserted together with the rounded bar 9| which has an easy fit within the tubes 89 and 90. Such bar 9| is slightly shorter (Fig. 17) than the passage formed by the Washer 16 and the tubes 69 and 96. The handles 25 and 26 are then attached to the tubes 89 and 96 in the usual way, such handles being held in position by the cover plates 59 and 66. The shoulders of the handles 25 and 26 retain in place the bar 9| which acts to keep the lock assembly in coaxial alinement and also to prevent the development of any backlash. I also may provide the arms 66 and 6! with the shoulders 92 and 93, either of which may be engaged by the screw 94 fastened in holes 95 and 96 formed in the rear end of the casing. When the screw 94 is inserted in either of the holes 95 or 96 it will engage either of the shoulders 92 or 63 and prevent the corresponding arms 66 or 6'! from being moved into the locking position. Such embodiment as shown in Figs. 16 and 1'7 enables my look, without any. substantial alteration in design or manufacture to be used under conditions requiring that the door 22 may be positively locked from one side only. This form may be desirable where a set of standard locks are used and where it becomes important that the doors of one or more rooms should not be accidentally locked from the outside thereby preventing the occupants from leaving the rooms.

I claim as my invention:

1. A door-lock having in combination a bolt normally held in latching position, independently operable handles on either side of the door, and separate means operatively connected with each handle movable in one direction to force the bolt into unlatching position, each of said means when moved in the opposite direction to engage the bolt to form a positive stop to lock the bolt in its latched position.

2. A door-lock having in combination a bolt normally held in latching position, independently operable handles on either side of the door, separate means operatively connected with each handle movable in one direction to force the bolt into unlatching position, each of said means when moved in the opposite direction to engage the bolt to form a positive stop to lock the bolt in its latched position, and means for preventing the bolt being locked in its latched position simultaneo-usly from both sides of the door.

3. A door-lock as claimed in claim 1 in which the means operatively connected with each handle comprises a rotatable and axially movable shaft and an offset crank pin on said shaft to engage said bolt when the handle is in looking position whereby the contact point of said pin on the bolt and the axis of the shaft lie in alinement with the movement of said bolt, said pin affording a stop for the bolt.

4. A door-lock as claimed in claim 1 in which the means operatively connected with each handle comprises a rotatable and axially movable shaft and an arm on said shaft to engage said bolt when the handle is in looking position whereby the contact point of said arm on the bolt and the axis of the shaft lie in alinement with the movement of said bolt, said arm affording a stop for the bolt.

5. A door-lock as claimed in claim 1 in which the means operatively connected with each handle comprises a rotatable and axially movable shaft and an offset crank pin on said shaft to engage said bolt when the handle is in locking position whereby the contact point of said pin on the bolt and the axis of the shaft lie in alinement with the movement of said bolt, said pin affording a stop for the bolt, and means connected with said handle when moved in the unlatching direction to force the crank pin against the bolt to unlatch same.

6. A door-lock as claimed in claim 1 in which the means operatively connected with each handle comprises a rotatable and axially movable shaft and an arm on said shaft to engage said bolt when the handle is in looking position whereby the contact point of said arm on the bolt and the axis of the shaft lie in alinement with the movement of said bolt, said arm affording a stop for the bolt, and means connected with said handle when moved in the unlatching direction to force the arm against the bolt to unlatch same.

7. A door-lock having in combination a bolt normally held in latching position, independently operable handles on either side of the door, and separate means operatively connected with each handle movable in one direction to force the bolt into unlatching position, each of said means when -moved in the opposite direction to engage the bolt to form a positive stop to lock the bolt in its latched position, said stops being so disposed that each forms an abutment to prevent the other stop from being brought simultaneously intooperative position.

8. A door-lock having in combination a bolt normally heldin latching position, independently operable handles on either side of the door, means operatively connected with each handle comprising a rotatable shaft, means on each shaft to engage said bolt when in its latched position, and means associated with one of said shafts when rotated into locking position to move said shaft axially to bring said bolt-engaging means into position to prevent the bolt-engaging means on the other shaft being moved into locking position.

9. A door-lock having in combination a bolt normally held in latching position, independently operable handles on either side of the door, separate means operatively connected with each handle movable in one direction to force the bolt into latching position, and a stop member automatically movable as either of said means approaches locking position into the path of the other said means to prevent the latter means from being moved into locked position.

10. A door-lock having in combination a bolt normally held in latching position, independently operable handles on either side of the door, means operatively connected with each handle movable in one direction to lock the bolt in the latching position, and interchangeable means toprevent either of said locking means from being moved into locking position.

11. A door-lock having in combination a bolt normally held in latching position, independently operable handles on either side of the door, separate means operatively connected with each handle movable in one direction to force the bolt into unlatching position, each of said means when moved in the opposite direction to engage the bolt to form a positive stop to lock the bolt in its latched position, and detent means for holding at least one of the handles in locked position.

12. A door-lock as claimed in claim 9 in which the stop member comprises a ball transversely movable in the lock and a member associated with eachhandle, said ball and members being arranged that when either handle is moved into locking position the ball is thereby moved into the path of the member associated with the other handle.

13.1 A door-lock as claimed in claim 9 in which the stop member comprises a pivoted lever and arms movable with said handles, said lever and arms being arranged that when either handle is moved into locking position said lever is moved by the arm into the path of the other arm movable with the other handle.

- HEADLEY TOWNSEND BACKHOUSE. 

